Fault Diagnosis of Motor Bearing by Analyzing a Video Clip

Conventional bearing fault diagnosis methods require specialized instruments to acquire signals that can reflect the health condition of the bearing. For instance, an accelerometer is used to acquire vibration signals, whereas an encoder is used to measure motor shaft speed. This study proposes a new method for simplifying the instruments for motor bearing fault diagnosis. Specifically, a video clip recording of a running bearing system is captured using a cellphone that is equipped with a camera and a microphone. The recorded video is subsequently analyzed to obtain the instantaneous frequency of rotation (IFR). The instantaneous fault characteristic frequency (IFCF) of the defective bearing is obtained by analyzing the sound signal that is recorded by the microphone. The fault characteristic order is calculated by dividing IFCF by IFR to identify the fault type of the bearing. The effectiveness and robustness of the proposed method are verified by a series of experiments. This study provides a simple, flexible, and effective solution for motor bearing fault diagnosis. Given that the signals are gathered using an affordable and accessible cellphone, the proposed method is proven suitable for diagnosing the health conditions of bearing systems that are located in remote areas where specialized instruments are unavailable or limited

NCAPG2 could be an immunological and prognostic biomarker: From pan-cancer analysis to pancreatic cancer validation

More recently, NCAPG2 has emerged as an intrinsically essential participant of the condensin II complex involved in the process of chromosome cohesion and stabilization in mitosis, and its position in particular tumours is now being highlighted. Simultaneously, the genetic properties of NCAPG2 hint that it might have enormous potential to interpret the malignant progression of tumors in a broader perspective, that is, in pan-cancer. Yet, at present, this recognition remains merely superficial and there is a lack of more detailed studies to explore the underlying pathogenesis. To meet this need, the current study was undertaken to comprehensively elucidate the potential functions of NCAPG2 in pan-cancer, based on a combination of existing databases like TCGA and GTEx. NCAPG2 was identified to be overexpressed in almost every tumor and to exhibit significant prognostic and diagnostic efficacy. Furthermore, the correlation between NCAPG2 and selected immune features, namely immune cell infiltration, immune checkpoint genes, TMB, MSI, etc. also indicates that NCAPG2 could potentially be applied in guidance of immunotherapy. Subsequently, in pancreatic cancer, this study further clarified the utility of NCAPG2 that downregulation of its expression could result in reduced proliferation, invasion and metastasis of pancreatic cancer cells, among such phenotypical changes, the epithelial-mesenchymal transition disruption could be at least one of the possible mechanisms raising or enhancing tumorigenesis. Taken above, NCAPG2, as a member of pan-oncogenes, would serve as a biomarker and potential therapeutic target for a range of malignancies, sharing new insights into precision medicine

A Mutation in Intracellular Loop 4 Affects the Drug-Efflux Activity of the Yeast Multidrug Resistance ABC Transporter Pdr5p

Multidrug resistance protein Pdr5p is a yeast ATP-binding cassette (ABC) transporter in the plasma membrane. It confers multidrug resistance by active efflux of intracellular drugs. However, the highly polymorphic Pdr5p from clinical strain YJM789 loses its ability to expel azole and cyclohexmide. To investigate the role of amino acid changes in this functional change, PDR5 chimeras were constructed by segmental replacement of homologous BY4741 PDR5 fragments. Functions of PDR5 chimeras were evaluated by fluconazole and cycloheximide resistance assays. Their expression, ATPase activity, and efflux efficiency for other substrates were also analyzed. Using multiple lines of evidence, we show that an alanine-to-methionine mutation at position 1352 located in the predicted short intracellular loop 4 significantly contributes to the observed transport deficiency. The degree of impairment is likely correlated to the size of the mutant residue

Root Growth Optimizer with Self-Similar Propagation

Most nature-inspired algorithms simulate intelligent behaviors of animals and insects that can move spontaneously and independently. The survival wisdom of plants, as another species of biology, has been neglected to some extent even though they have evolved for a longer period of time. This paper presents a new plant-inspired algorithm which is called root growth optimizer (RGO). RGO simulates the iterative growth behaviors of plant roots to optimize continuous space search. In growing process, main roots and lateral roots, classified by fitness values, implement different strategies. Main roots carry out exploitation tasks by self-similar propagation in relatively nutrient-rich areas, while lateral roots explore other places to seek for better chance. Inhibition mechanism of plant hormones is applied to main roots in case of explosive propagation in some local optimal areas. Once resources in a location are exhausted, roots would shrink away from infertile conditions to preserve their activity. In order to validate optimization effect of the algorithm, twelve benchmark functions, including eight classic functions and four CEC2005 test functions, are tested in the experiments. We compared RGO with other existing evolutionary algorithms including artificial bee colony, particle swarm optimizer, and differential evolution algorithm. The experimental results show that RGO outperforms other algorithms on most benchmark functions

Immunomodulatory effect of two hydrolysates of chitin on cyclophosphamide-induced mice via immune response enhancement and gut microbiota modulation

In this study, the hydrolysis products of chitin, COS1 and COS2, had degrees of deacetylation of 5.9% and 85.7%, respectively. Notably, 50 mg/(kg·d) COS1 and COS2 significantly increased the levels of immunoglobulins (IgG and IgM), cytokines (IL-6 and IFN-γ), and the antioxidant activities (SOD and CAT) in cyclophosphamide-induced mice, and upregulated the mRNA expression of cytokines in the spleen. COS1 activated the MAPK signaling pathways of related proteins (ERK, p-ERK, JNK, and p-JNK). After COS1 and COS2 intervention, the gut microbial structure of immunosuppressed mice changed, increasing the abundance of key bacteria such as, Dubosiella, Romboutsia, and Turicibacter, and decreasing the abundance of key bacteria such as, Escherichia-Shigella and Helicobacter. Notably, COS1 exhibited a higher immunoregulatory activity than COS2, which may be associated with the acetyl groups in COS1. COS1 can be developed as an immunomodulatory agent in functional foods and medicine to improve immunity

The genetic alteration spectrum of the SWI/SNF complex: The oncogenic roles of BRD9 and ACTL6A.

SWItch/Sucrose NonFermentable (SWI/SNF) is a set of multi-subunits chromatin remodeling complexes, playing important roles in a variety of biological processes. Loss-of-function mutations in the genes encoding SWI/SNF subunits have been reported in more than 20% of human cancers. Thus, it was widely considered as a tumor suppressor in the past decade. However, recent studies reported that some genes encoding subunits of SWI/SNF complexes were amplified and play oncogenic roles in human cancers. In present study, we summarized the genetic alteration spectrum of SWI/SNF complexes, and firstly systematically estimated both the copy number variations and point mutations of all 30 genes encoding the subunits in this complex. Additionally, the bioinformatics analyses were performed for two significantly amplified genes, ACTL6A and BRD9, to investigate their oncogenic roles in human cancers. Our findings may lay a foundation for the discovery of potential treatment targets in SWI/SNF complexes of cancers

Hyperbolic Function Embedding: Learning Hierarchical Representation for Functions of Source Code in Hyperbolic Space

Recently, source code mining has received increasing attention due to the rapid increase of open-sourced code repositories and the tremendous values implied in this large dataset, which can help us understand the organization of functions or classes in different software and analyze the impact of these organized patterns on the software behaviors. Hence, learning an effective representation model for the functions of source code, from a modern view, is a crucial problem. Considering the inherent hierarchy of functions, we propose a novel hyperbolic function embedding (HFE) method, which can learn a distributed and hierarchical representation for each function via the Poincaré ball model. To achieve this, a function call graph (FCG) is first constructed to model the call relationship among functions. To verify the underlying geometry of FCG, the Ricci curvature model is used. Finally, an HFE model is built to learn the representations that can capture the latent hierarchy of functions in the hyperbolic space, instead of the Euclidean space, which are usually used in those state-of-the-art methods. Moreover, HFE is more compact in terms of lower dimensionality than the existing graph embedding methods. Thus, HFE is more effective in terms of computation and storage. To experimentally evaluate the performance of HFE, two application scenarios, namely, function classification and link prediction, have been applied. HFE achieves up to 7.6% performance improvement compared to the chosen state-of-the-art methods, namely, Node2vec and Struc2vec